It discusses: the law on associations fascist secret.
The draft law against secret societies was presented to the House as a bill against Freemasonry, it is the first real act of fascism to say what the party calls its fascist revolution. We, as the Communist Party must seek not only because of the presentation of the draft law against organizations in general, but also the meaning of why the fascist party presented this law directed primarily against the Masons.
We are among the few who have taken seriously fascism, even when fascism seemed to be only a bloody farce, when fascism around the repeat only the clichés about "war psychosis" when all parties were trying to sleep the working population presenting fascism as a surface phenomenon, very short. In November
1920 we predicted that fascism would come to power - then it is inconceivable for the fascists themselves - if the working class had not had time to uncontrollable, weapons, its advanced bloody.
Fascism, then, said today almost want to "conquer the state." What does this expression has become commonplace? And what does it mean, in this sense, the fight against Freemasonry?
Because we think that this phase of the "fascist conquest 'is one of the most important ways by the Italian State and as regards us who know to represent the interests of the vast majority of the Italian people, workers and farmers, so we need an analysis, even if cursory, of the question.
What is Freemasonry? You have done a lot of words on the spiritual significance, it represents the ideological currents, etc., but all these are forms of expression that you will only serve to deceive each other, knowing to do so.
Masonry, given the way it was set up unit in Italy, given the initial weakness of the Italian capitalist bourgeoisie, the Masonry was the only real and efficient than the bourgeois class had for a long time. Do not forget that less than twenty years after the entry of Piedmont in Rome, the Parliament was dissolved and the electorate from about 3 million voters was reduced to 800 000.
This was the explicit confession by the bourgeoisie to be a tiny minority of the population, after twenty years of unity if it has been forced to resort to more extreme means of dictatorship to maintain power, to crush its enemies class, who were the enemies of the state unit.
What were these enemies? It was mainly the Vatican, the Jesuits were, and we need to remind Mr Martyr as, next to the Jesuits who wear the cassock, the Jesuits are lay people who have no special montura indicating their religious order.
In the first years after the founding of the kingdom the Jesuits have expressly stated in a number of articles published by Catholic Civilization which was the political program of the Vatican and the classes that were then the representatives of the Vatican, that is, the old semi-feudal classes, tend to Bourbon in the south, or tend Austrianism in Lombardy-Venetia , many social forces that the capitalist bourgeoisie never fails to hold, although the period of the Risorgimento, it represented a step forward, and a revolutionary principle. The Jesuits of the Catholic Civilization, namely, the Vatican, posed for the purpose of the lotus as the first point, the political sabotage of the unitary state, through parliamentary abstention, the uncontrollable state liberal for all those activities which could corrupt and destroy the old order, as the second point, the creation of the reserve army of rural place against the advance of the proletariat, as the Jesuits since '71 predicted that the field of democracy Liberal would be born the proletarian movement, which would have developed a revolutionary movement.
Mr Martyr said today it has finally been reached, the costs of Freemasonry, the spiritual unity of the Italian nation.
Since Freemasonry in Italy has been the ideology and organization of the real capitalist bourgeois class, who is against Freemasonry is against liberalism, is against the political tradition of the Italian bourgeoisie. The rural classes which were represented by the Vatican in the past, are now mainly represented by fascism, it is logical that fascism has replaced the Jesuits in the Vatican and the historical task, so the most backward classes of the population under their control bring the class has been progressive development of civilization is the meaning of the achievement of spiritual unity of the Italian nation, which would have been a phenomenon of progress fifty years ago, and today it is the biggest phenomenon of regression ...
The industrial bourgeoisie was not able to uncontrollable labor movement has not been able to control either the labor movement, nor the rural revolutionary. The first instinctive and spontaneous slogan of fascism, after the occupation of factories, so this was: "I control the rural urban middle class, who can not be strong against the workers."
If not mistaken, then, Mr Mussolini, this was not your thesis, and fascism between rural and urban fascism fascism were saying they prefer urban ...
(Interruptions)
Mussolini. We must stop to remind you that my article of high praise of fascism rural 1921-22.
Gramsci. But this is not a purely Italian phenomenon, though in Italy, the greatest weakness of capitalism has had the greatest development, it is a European phenomenon and world of extreme importance in understanding the general crisis of the postwar period, both in the domain of practice in the domain of ideas and culture. The election of Hindenburg in Germany, the victory of the conservatives in England, with the liquidation of the respective parties, Liberal Democrats, are the equivalent of the fascist movement. Italian, the old social forces, but not completely absorbed by it, have taken over the organization of states, bringing the whole bottom a reactionary in the activity of ferocity and ruthless decision has always been their own, but in essence we a phenomenon of historical regression that is not and will not be inconclusive for the development of the proletarian revolution. Examined in this area, the current law against associations will be a force or is it intended to be completely useless and irritating? It corresponds to reality, can be a means to stabilize the capitalist system will be a new or improved instrument given to the police to arrest Tom, Dick and Harry? ... Therefore, the problem is this: the situation of capitalism in Italy has been strengthened or weakened after the war with fascism? What were the weaknesses of the Italian capitalist bourgeoisie before the war, the weaknesses that led to the creation of that particular political system that existed in the Masonic Italy, which had its peak in Giolittismo? The weaknesses of the Italian national life were highest in the first place the lack of raw materials, namely, the inability of the bourgeoisie to create an industry in Italy, which had its roots deep in the country and could develop progressively, absorbing 's hand exuberant work. Secondly, the lack of settlements related to the mother pariah, and the inability of the bourgeoisie to create a labor aristocracy that could be permanently allied with the bourgeoisie itself. Third, the Southern question, that is the question of the peasantry, tied closely to the migration issue, that is proof of the inability of the Italian bourgeoisie to maintain ... (Interruptions)
Mussolini. The Germans have emigrated to millions.
Gramsci. The significance of migration in the mass of workers is this: the capitalist system, which is the predominant system is not able to provide food, housing and clothes to the people and no small part of this population is forced to emigrate ...
Rossoni. So the nation must expand in the interests of the proletariat.
Gramsci. We have our own conception of imperialism and colonialism, under which they are primarily an export of financial capital. So far the 'imperialism' Italian consisted only in this: that the Italian immigrant worker working for the profit of the capitalists of other countries, namely Italy so far has only been half of the expansion of the Italian financial capital. You will always rinse your mouth with the most puerile allegations of a supposed demographic superiority over other countries of Italy, you always say, for example, that Italy is demographically superior to France. This is a question that only statistics can answer categorically, and I sometimes I deal with statistics and now a statistic published after the war, has never been questioned, and that can not be disproved, says that Italy's first the war from the perspective of population was already in the same situation in France after the war, this is determined by the fact that migration away from the country such a mass of the male population, working productively, which reports demographic become catastrophic. In the national territory are old men, women, children, disabled, ie the part of the passive population, the burden on the working population at a figure higher than any other country, even France.
This is the fundamental weakness of the Italian capitalist system, for which Italian capitalism is doomed to disappear more rapidly as the world capitalist system no longer works to absorb the Italian emigration to exploit the Italian job, our own, and that capitalism is incapable of framing.
The bourgeois parties, the Freemasons, as they tried to solve these problems?
know in Italian history the last time two political plans of the bourgeoisie to resolve the question of the Government of the Italian people. We had practice Giolitti, the collaboration of Italian socialism with Giolitti, ie the attempt to establish an alliance with some of the industrial bourgeoisie northern labor aristocracy to oppress, to subdue this training bourgeois-proletarian masses of the Italian peasants, especially in noon. The program was not successful. In northern Italy it is in fact a bourgeois proletariat coalition through parliamentary cooperation and the policy of public works to cooperatives in southern Italy is corrupt and the ruling class dominates the mass with the dealers ... (Interruptions deputy Greek) You're fascists were the major architects of the failure of this political, because you have the same poverty level in the labor aristocracy and the poor peasants from all over Italy.
We had the program that we can say the Corriere della Sera newspaper that represents a considerable force in national politics: 800,000 readers are also a party.
Voices. Less ...
Mussolini. Half! And then the readers of newspapers do not count. They never made a revolution. Readers of newspapers have regularly wrong!
Gramsci. The Corriere della Sera does not want to make the revolution.
Farinacci. Even the unit!
Gramsci. The Corriere della Sera has consistently supported all politicians in the South, from Salandra Orlando, Nitti, in Amendola, opposite the solution Giolitti, oppressive, not only classes, but also of entire regions, such as the South and the Islands, and therefore as dangerous as fascism that the current material for the same unit of the Italian State, the Corriere della Sera has always supported an alliance between the industrial North and a certain vague democracy predominantly rural South in the field of free trade. The one and the other outcome would essentially give the Italian government a broader base than the original, tended to develop their "conquests" of the Risorgimento.
What the fascists opposed to these solutions? They now oppose the law against so-called Freemasonry, so they say they want to conquer the state. In reality, the fight against fascism, the only organized force efficiently that the bourgeoisie had in Italy, to supplant the use of places that the state gives to its officials. The "revolution" Fascism is only the replacement of administrative staff to another staff.
Mussolini. Of one class to another, as happened in Russia, as normally happens in all revolutions, as we will methodically! (Approvazioni.)
Gramsci. It is the only revolution that is based on a new class. Fascism is not based on any class that was not already in power.
Mussolini. But if most of the capitalists are against us, but if you quote the great capitalists who vote against us, which are in opposition: the Motta, the Accounts ...
Farinacci. And subsidize newspapers subversive! (Comments)
Mussolini. The high bank is not fascist, you know!
Gramsci. The reality, therefore, is that the law against Freemasonry is not primarily against the Freemasons, with Masonic fascism comes easily to a compromise.
Mussolini. The fascists burned the lodges of Freemasons before making the law! So there is no need to sit down.
Gramsci. Applies to Freemasonry fascism, intensified, the same tactic that applies to all non-fascist bourgeois parties: in the first place has created a nucleus in these fascist parties, at a later time he tried to express the best forces from other parties agreed that, having failed to gain a monopoly as it brought ...
Farinacci. And you call us fools?
Gramsci. You would not be foolish if you were able to solve the problems of the Italian situation ...
Mussolini. Solve them. We have already solved several.
Gramsci. Fascism failed to implement fully the absorption of all parties in its organization. With the Masons took the political tactic of noyautage, then the system of lodges terrorist fire, and then employs the legislative action, to which certain personality of high banks and high bureaucracy will eventually agree to the rulers not to lose their place, but with the Masons, the fascist government will come to a compromise. How do you do when an enemy is strong? Before the break the legs, then you compromise, in terms of obvious superiority.
Mussolini. First the ribs are broken, then you prisoner, as you have done in Russia! You have done your prisoners and then hold them, and serve you! (Comments)
Gramsci. Just means taking prisoners to the compromise: hence we say that in reality the law is specially made against workers' organizations. We ask because for several months now, without the Communist Party was declared a criminal organization, the police arrested our comrades wherever they find them gathered in numbers at least three ...
Mussolini. We do what we do in Russia ...
Gramsci. In Russia there are laws that are observed: you have your own ... more
Mussolini. You do Haul formidable. Do well! (Laughter).
Gramsci. In fact, the police apparatus of the state already considers the Communist Party as a secret organization.
Mussolini. Not true!
Gramsci. Meanwhile, it stops without any specific charge any person found in a meeting of three people, just because a communist, and it is thrown in jail.
Mussolini. But they were soon released. How many are in prison? Fishes simply to find!
Gramsci. It is a form of systematic persecution that anticipates and justify the application of the new law. Fascism also espouses the same systems of government of Giolitti. Do like the dealers were in the South Giolitti they arrested the voters of opposition ... to know them.
a voice. There was only one case. You do not know the south.
Gramsci. I'm Southern!
Mussolini. About the election violence I remember an article by Bordiga that justifies to the fullest!
Paul Greek. You, Mr Gramsci, I do not read that article.
Gramsci. Not fascist violence, our own. We are sure to represent the majority of the population, represent the interests of the most essential the majority of the Italian people, proletarian violence is progressive and therefore can not be systematic. Your violence is systematic and systematic arbitrary because you represent a minority destined to disappear. We must say to the working population what is your government, how does your government, to organize it against you, to put in a position to win. It is very likely that we will find ourselves forced to use your systems the same, but as a transition, from time to time (noise, interruptions) Secure: Your methods to adopt the same, except that you represent the minority of the population, we represent majority. (Interruptions, noise)
Farinacci. So why not make the revolution? She is destined to end up like Bombacci! They sent her away from the party!
Gramsci. The Italian middle class when he made the drive was a minority of the population, but because it represented the interests of the majority even if it does not follow, so he could remain in power. You have won by arms, but you have no program, there is nothing new and progressive. You only taught as a revolutionary vanguard only weapons, ultimately determine the success of programs and not programs ... (Interruptions, comments)
President. Do not stop!
Gramsci. This law will not be worth all the movement that is irresistible to prepare yourself at home. Since the masonry will go into mass fascist party and will constitute a trend, it is clear that with this law, you hope to prevent the development of large organizations of workers and peasants. This is the real value, the true meaning of the law. Some fascist
vaguely remembers the teachings of his old master, when he was a revolutionary socialist, and believe that a class can not remain so permanently and grow until the conquest of power that it does not have a party and an organization, summarizing the best and most conscious. There is some truth in this murky reactionary perversion of Marxist teachings. It is certainly very difficult for a class able to resolve its problems and the achievement of those ends that are inherent in its existence and strength of the company, without an advance guard will stand up and lead this class to achieve these purposes .
But it is said that this statement is always true in its use to external mechanical nature of the reaction! This is a law that serves to Italy, to be applied in Italy, where the bourgeoisie could not in any way and never be able to resolve first the issue of Italian peasants to solve the problem of Southern Italy. Not for void this Act is submitted simultaneously to a number of projects concerning the rehabilitation of the South.
a voice. Talk about Freemasonry.
Gramsci. Do you want me to speak of Freemasonry. But the title of the Act does not even mention the Freemasons, we are talking only organization in general. In Italy capitalism has been able to develop because the state has pressed on the peasant population, especially in the South today, you feel the urgency of these problems, because it promises a billion for Sardinia, public works and promise to all the hundreds of millions noon, but to make serious and concrete work should start by restoring the Sardinian 100-150 million annually extort taxes the Sardinian population! You should return to the South hundreds of millions of tax every year extort from the southern population.
Mussolini. You do not pay taxes in Russia! ...
a voice. Steal in Russia, do not pay taxes!
Gramsci. This is not the question, esteemed colleague, who should know at least the parliamentary reports on those quarrels that exist in libraries. This is not the normal mechanism of middle-class taxes: this is the fact that each year the state extorts the southern regions a sum of tax returns that do not in any way, or facilities of any kind ...
Mussolini. It is not veto.
Gramsci. ... sums that the state extorts the southern rural populations to provide a basis for capitalism in northern Italy (Breaks, comments). On this land of contradictions of the Italian capitalist system necessarily will be formed, despite the difficulty of setting up large organizations, the union of the workers and peasants against the common enemy.
you fascist, you fascist government, in spite of all the demagogy of your speeches, you have not already passed this contradiction that was radical, you have indeed made to feel the harder the classes and masses. You have worked in this situation, the needs of this situation. You have added new powder to those already accumulated from the development of capitalist society, and believe to abolish a law against organizations with the most deadly effects of your activity itself (Interruptions). This is the most important question in the discussion of this law!
you can "conquer the state," you can change the codes, you can try to prevent organizations exist in the form in which they existed now, you can not take precedence over the objective conditions in which you are forced to move. You will not do that to force the proletariat to search for an address other than the far more common in the field of mass organization. What we want to say to the proletariat and peasant masses Italian from this rostrum: the Italian revolutionary forces they will not be crashing, that your dream will not achieve turbid (Interruptions). Is very difficult to apply to a population of 40 million inhabitants of the systems of government, Tsankov. In Bulgaria there are a few million inhabitants and yet, in spite of foreign aid, the government can not prevail over the coalition of the Communist Party and the revolutionary peasantry, and in Italy there are 40 million people.
Mussolini. The Communist Party has fewer members than it has the Italian Fascist Party!
Gramsci. But is the working class.
Mussolini. Is not!
Farinacci. The cheating is not.
Gramsci. Yours is a consensus reached with his stick.
Farinacci. Talk of Miglioli!
Gramsci. Precisely. Miglioli The phenomenon is of great importance in the sense of exactly what I said before: that the Catholic peasantry also are directed towards the revolutionary struggle. Neither the newspaper they would protest against fascist Miglioli Miglioli if the phenomenon had not entirely for this very important new direction of the revolutionary forces in dependence of your pressure on the working classes.
conclusion: Freemasonry is the small flag that is used to pass the goods reactionary anti-proletarian! Freemasonry is not who cares! Freemasonry will become a wing of fascism. The law should serve for the workers and farmers, who understand this very well from its application will be made. To these masses we mean that you will fail to suppress the manifestations of the organizational life of their class, because you're against the whole development of Italian society (Interruptions).
President. But do not interrupt! Leave to speak. She, however, Mr Gramsci, did not mention the law!
Rossoni. The law is not against organized!
Gramsci. Mr Rossoni, she herself is a paragraph of the law against organizations. The workers and peasants must know that you will fail to prevent the revolutionary movement was strengthened and radicalized (Interruptions, noise). Because it only represents the situation in our country today ... (Interruptions)
President. Mr Gramsci, this concept has repeated it three or four times. Have the goodness! We are not judges, to which must be repeated many times the same things!
Gramsci. We must repeat, however, should you feel it ad nauseum. The revolutionary movement will win fascism.
0 comments:
Post a Comment